Aprotinin
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mRNA synthesis
In vitro transcription of capped mRNA with modified nucleotides and Poly(A) tail
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Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA)
TSA (Tyramide Signal Amplification), used for signal amplification of ISH, IHC and IC etc.
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Phos Binding Reagent Acrylamide
Separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins without phospho-specific antibody
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Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8)
A convenient and sensitive way for cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assay
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SYBR Safe DNA Gel Stain
Safe and sensitive stain for visualization of DNA or RNA in agarose or acrylamide gels.
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Inhibitor Cocktails
Protect the integrity of proteins from multiple proteases and phosphatases for different applications.
Aprotinin是一种天然存在的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,可以拯救生命,降低中风和重复手术中大量出血的风险 [1,2,3]。
Aprotinin的使用可以增加血清肌酐水平翻倍的患者比例,但并没有显著增加肾功能衰竭的风险或进行术后肾脏替代的需要。死亡的判决并不是由于aprotinin的使用而造成的肾功能衰竭。Brown及其同事的Meta分析结果显示高剂量aprotinin的肾衰竭具有不显著的相对风险[4]。
尽管aprotinin比其它活性剂可能更有效地控制止血,但只有一个可能的趋势表明aprotinin可减少大量出血。Aprotinin的使用只可能改善重复手术,且大部分血液通过胸管损失(手术的一个主要指征)所造成的大量出血。Aprotinin似乎并不能防止大量出血患者的大量出血或挽救他们的生命。
Aprotinin对死亡率的不利效应可能也存在于健康患者中,那些65岁以下的,在手术期间没有共存疾病的患者。尽管aprotinin具有适度减少大量出血风险的可能性,但与赖氨酸类似物相比,aprotinin具有强烈的和一致的负死亡率,排除其在经受高风险心脏手术的患者中的使用[5]。
参考文献:
1. Henry DA, Carless PA, Moxey AJ, et al. Anti-fibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;4:CD001886.
2. Levi M, Cromheecke ME, de Jonge E, et al. Pharmacological strategies to decrease excessive blood loss in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of clinically relevant endpoints. Lancet 1999;354:1940-7.
3. Sedrakyan A, Treasure T, Elefteriades JA. Effect of aprotinin on clinical outcomes in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;128:442-8.
4. Brown JR, Birkmeyer NJ, O’Connor GT. Meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness and adverse outcomes of antifibrinolytic agents in cardiac surgery. Circulation 2007;115:2801-13.
5. Dean A. Fergusson, Paul C. Hébert et al, A Comparison of Aprotinin and Lysine Analogues in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery, N Engl J Med 2008; 358:2319-2331
- 1. Yan Chen, Jiafu Zhu, et al. "Protocol for affordable and efficient profiling of nascent RNAs in bread wheat using GRO-seq." STAR Protoc. 2022 Sep 16;3(3):101657. PMID: 36097381
- 2. Zhao, Han Qi. "The evaluation of cold-stored platelets." University of British Columbia. 2022
- 3. Sebastian Himbert, Angelo D'Alessandro, et al. "The bending rigidity of the red blood cell cytoplasmic membrane." PLoS One. 2022 Aug 1;17(8):e0269619. PMID: 35913930
- 4. Sebastian Himbert, Syed M Qadri, et al. "Blood bank storage of red blood cells increases RBC cytoplasmic membrane order and bending rigidity." PLoS One. 2021 Nov 12;16(11):e0259267. PMID: 34767588
- 5. Angelo D'Alessandro, Tiffany Thomas, et al. "Biological and Clinical Factors Contributing to the Metabolic Heterogeneity of Hospitalized Patients with and without COVID-19." Cells. 2021 Sep 2;10(9):2293. PMID: 34571942
- 6. HeLia, GuanghuiDanga, et al. "Characterization of a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine protease (Rv3194c) activity and pathogenicity." Tuberculosis. Available online 4 November 2019, 101880.
- 7. Ying Long, Xuri Zhang, et al. "Initial events in the breakthrough of the epithelial barrier of the small intestine by Angiostrongylus cantonensis." Arch Biol Sci. 2016; 68 (2): 375-383.
Physical Appearance | A solid |
Storage | Store at -20°C |
M.Wt | 6511.44 |
Cas No. | 9087-70-1 |
Formula | C284H432N84O79S7 |
Synonyms | Aprotinin,Trypsin inhibitor (basic) |
Solubility | ≥195 mg/mL in H2O; insoluble in DMSO; insoluble in EtOH |
Canonical SMILES | CC(O)=O.CC.CC.CCccC.[R].[P].[2H].[L].[E].[P].[P].[Y].[3H].[G].[KH].[R].[R].[Y].F.[Y].[*].[L].F.[V].[Y].[G].[G].[R].[KH].[R].N.N.F.[KH].S.[*].[2H].[R].[G].[G].[*].[KH].[*].[3H].C.[*].F.[P].[*].I.I.N.[Q].[3H].[M] |
运输条件 | 蓝冰运输或根据您的需求运输。 |
一般建议 | 不同厂家不同批次产品溶解度各有差异,仅做参考。若实验所需浓度过大至产品溶解极限,请添加助溶剂助溶或自行调整浓度。溶液形式一般不宜长期储存,请尽快用完。 |
细胞实验[1]: | |
细胞系 |
HUVEC细胞 |
溶解方法 |
该化合物在DMSO中的溶解度大于10 mM。若配制更高浓度的溶液,一般步骤如下:请将试管置于37℃加热10分钟和/或将其置于超声波浴中震荡一段时间。原液于-20℃可放置数月 |
反应条件 |
1600 kIU/mL,60 min |
实验结果 |
Aprotinin以剂量依赖性的方式抑制TNF-α诱导的ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达,但不抑制E-选择素的表达。 |
动物实验[2]: | |
动物模型 |
3至4月龄的雄性Albino Wistar大鼠 |
剂量 |
使用50 mg/kg氯胺酮麻醉大鼠,并用12 mmHg气腹处理4小时,此外较低剂量的氯胺酮腹膜内给药直到气腹结束,维持麻醉状态。气腹开始后腹膜内给予28000 KIU/kg的aprotinin,随后使用较低的维持剂量(7500 KIU/kg),每小时施用直至终止。脾脏再灌注期需持续60或180分钟。 |
实验结果 |
Aprotinin导致所有组织(肝、小肠和肺)中几种细胞因子和标记物(TNF-α、IL-6、内皮素1、C反应蛋白、PAB和羰基蛋白)氧化应激减少。 |
注意事项 |
请测试所有化合物在室内的溶解度,实际溶解度和理论值可能略有不同。这是由实验系统的误差引起的,属于正常现象。 |
References: [1] Asimakopoulos G, Lidington E A, Mason J, et al. Effect of aprotinin on endothelial cell activation. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 2001, 122(1): 123-128. [2] Baltatzis M, Pavlidis T E, Ouroumidis O, et al. Aprotinin reduces oxidative stress induced by pneumoperitoneum in rats. Journal of Surgical Research, 2014, 189(2): 238-248. |
描述 | Aprotinin(抑肽酶)是牛胰蛋白酶的抑制剂(BPTI)。 | |||||
靶点 | bovine pancreatic trypsin | |||||
IC50 |
化学结构
![Aprotinin](http://www.apexbt.com/media/diy/images/struct/A2574.png)
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